使用 Truffle 来编译、安装智能合约(旧文一篇)

因为官定版本的 solidity 实在编译安装太费力了，放弃，改用 Truffle。

直接用 npm 安装：

1	`npm install -g truffle`

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mkdir myproject
cd myproject
truffle init

修改配置文件 truffle.js:

 module.exports = {
  networks: {
    development: {
      host: "localhost",
      port: 8545,
      network_id: "*", // Match any network id
      gas: 500000
    }
  }
};

生成必须的智能合约源码和迁移脚本：

pragma solidity ^0.4.15;
 
 
contract Calc {
  
    /* 合约的创建者,可以在外部调用 owner() 来获取当前合约的创建者 */
    address public owner;
  
    /* 区块链存储 */
    uint public count;
  
    /* Event 是基于 log 的，写 event 类似于 写 log，外部的观察者通过过滤日志来读取事件 */
    event AddEvent(
        address contractOwner,
        address transactionSender,
        uint a,
        uint b,
        uint256 result
    );
  
    // This contract only defines a modifier but does not use
    // it - it will be used in derived contracts.
    // The function body is inserted where the special symbol
    // "_;" in the definition of a modifier appears.
    // This means that if the owner calls this function, the
    // function is executed and otherwise, an exception is
    // thrown.
    modifier onlyOwner {
        require(msg.sender == owner);
        _;
    }
  
    /* 构造函数的写法 */
    function Calc() public { owner = msg.sender; }
  
    /* 执行会写入数据，所以需要`transaction`的方式执行。 */
    function add(uint a, uint b) public onlyOwner returns(uint) {
        count++;
        uint c = realAdd(a, b);
        AddEvent(
            //多行的参数只有这样写才没有警告
            owner,
            msg.sender,
            a, b, c
        );
        return c;
    }
  
    /* 只有高版本的编译器才支持 pure 函数，这个 Vscode 插件不支持 */
    function realAdd(uint a, uint b) returns (uint) {
        return a + b;
    }
  
    /* 执行不会写入数据，所以允许`call`的方式执行。 */
    function getCount() public onlyOwner constant returns (uint) {
        return count;
    }
}

迁移脚本

var Calc = artifacts.require("./Calc.sol");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(Calc);
};

目录下已然有了示例用的 contract 和 migration 文件，接下来：

truffle compile
truffle migrate --reset
# 或者。这两个命令都会直接导致 compile。
truffle deploy --reset
 Deploying Migrations...
  ... 0x25edbfb37d3fe1f8fc642771e3070c4342723f29f19d2751c482bae957a4d98e
  Migrations: 0x194750fba19f4813cc8df2b6f1028290d4e1bd5b
# Migrations 就是合约的类型，后面跟的 0x194750fba19f4813cc8df2b6f1028290d4e1bd5b 就是当前的合约账户。
 
Saving successful migration to network...
  ... 0x5d44a65dd1f470c1a38b20f33dcff96a7d3ce27b1dffa1ab474d47a7f33a210a

如果 migrate 失败，可能需要先解锁账户，

geth attach http://localhost:8545
  
#在 geth 实例运行期间永久解锁某个账户
personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "123456", 0)
  
# 或者考虑：
geth --unlock bbb  --password 123456

并且把配置文件中的 gas 调高点，不知道还有多少 gas 余额的时候，可以考虑用：

1	`eth.getBlock("pending").gasLimit`

进入 console：

truffle console
 
#console 内
 
truffle(development)> Calc.
Calc.__defineGetter__      Calc.__defineSetter__      Calc.__lookupGetter__      Calc.__lookupSetter__      Calc.__proto__             Calc.constructor           Calc.hasOwnProperty        Calc.isPrototypeOf         Calc.propertyIsEnumerable  Calc.toLocaleString
Calc.toString              Calc.valueOf
 
Calc.apply                 Calc.arguments             Calc.bind                  Calc.call                  Calc.caller                Calc.length                Calc.name
 
Calc._json                 Calc._properties           Calc._property_values      Calc._static_methods       Calc.abi                   Calc.addProp               Calc.address               Calc.ast                   Calc.at                    Calc.binary
Calc.bytecode              Calc.class_defaults        Calc.clone                 Calc.compiler              Calc.contractName          Calc.contract_name         Calc.currentProvider       Calc.defaults              Calc.deployed              Calc.deployedBinary
Calc.deployedBytecode      Calc.deployedSourceMap     Calc.detectNetwork         Calc.events                Calc.hasNetwork            Calc.isDeployed            Calc.link                  Calc.links                 Calc.network               Calc.network_id
Calc.networks              Calc.new                   Calc.prototype             Calc.resetAddress          Calc.schemaVersion         Calc.schema_version        Calc.setNetwork            Calc.setProvider           Calc.source                Calc.sourceMap
Calc.sourcePath            Calc.toJSON                Calc.unlinked_binary       Calc.updatedAt             Calc.updated_at            Calc.web3
 
#合约对象相关的信息
 
#查看部署的信息
Calc.defaults()
 
 #获取当前抽象实例的信息，除此之外，还有 at(), new()方法用不同的方式来获取其他实例。
Migrations.deployed()
 
# 因为这个 deployed() 的返回值被 promise 化了，所以一切都应该按照回调来考虑
var a;
# 准备一个可赋值的变量，用 then 来赋值。
Calc.deployed().then(function(instance) { a = instance})
 
# 生成可复用的 abi 字符串。记得在使用时去掉单引号。
JSON.stringify(a.abi)
 
a.owner();
 
# 返回一个事务对象
 
truffle(development)> a.realAdd(11, 2)
{ tx: '0xcd5e32ee51a3289272660ad154e7057d25b972f65633d6c8bbe64ba9795ee062',
  receipt:
   { blockHash: '0x6e1960bab1b3cb3f3f0b877a799f3561c23c2345d129efca339d8e3bdc9f6ca7',
     blockNumber: 15886,
     contractAddress: null,
     cumulativeGasUsed: 22009,
     from: 'bbb',
     gasUsed: 22009,
     logs: [],
     logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
     root: '0x2f405095a81a2a59dc2ba47a37e21d4f1ef839d64fe92c00c9bc18e2af7f1898',
     to: '0x50361da49a229247381c8d920853aa5560f8608c',
     transactionHash: '0xcd5e32ee51a3289272660ad154e7057d25b972f65633d6c8bbe64ba9795ee062',
     transactionIndex: 0 },
  logs: [] }
truffle(development)> { tx: '0xf493659cbbc3202236e8876fe8b2908760c9393fcdbcafe6d33c0a3e78220493',
  receipt:
   { blockHash: '0x6e1960bab1b3cb3f3f0b877a799f3561c23c2345d129efca339d8e3bdc9f6ca7',
     blockNumber: 15886,
     contractAddress: null,
     cumulativeGasUsed: 44018,
     from: 'bbb',
     gasUsed: 22009,
     logs: [],
     logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
     root: '0x4b437a56092089c92564ca3255555b306ca0ab703b460287aa05ff79e12daeb1',
     to: '0x50361da49a229247381c8d920853aa5560f8608c',
     transactionHash: '0xf493659cbbc3202236e8876fe8b2908760c9393fcdbcafe6d33c0a3e78220493',
     transactionIndex: 1 },
  logs: [] }
 
# 直接用 call 调用
 
a.realAdd.call(11, 2)
BigNumber { s: 1, e: 1, c: [ 13 ] }
 
a.add.call(1, 2)
BigNumber { s: 1, e: 0, c: [ 3 ] }
 
 # 事务调用
a.add.sendTransaction(1, 2, {from: 'bbb'})
 
# 查看预估的 gas 消耗
a.add.estimateGas()

退出 console：

.exit

使用来查看所有通过 Truffle 部署的代码：

1	`truffle network`