生成基本的路径

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mkdir -p ~/home/ethereum

如果 git 版本是 1.x，卸载旧的 git，安装最新版的 2.x 以上的 git:

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git version && yum erase -y git && yum install -y git

执行以下命令，编译以太坊客户端:

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yum install -y golang
yum install -y gmp-devel
git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
cd go-ethereum
make all
# 生成基本路径
mkdir -p ~/home/ethereum
# 进入基本路径
cd ~/home/ethereum

如果有“fatal: unable to access ‘https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/‘: Failed connect to github.com:443; Operation now in progress”考虑是容器的外网访问权限问题。

把 export PATH=$PATH:/root/go-ethereum/build/bin 加入环境变量:

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vi ~/.bashrc

生成一个叫 datadir 的文件夹来存储账户的私钥和链数据。

生成一个内容为123456的 password.txt。

用这个命令生成一个初始账户：

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geth --datadir=./datadir --password ./password.txt account new > account1.txt

查看一下生成文件的内容，我们可以看到如下内容：

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Address: {xxxx}

使用 ll 也可以查看到相似内容：

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ll datadir/keystore/
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 491 Nov  4 16:09 UTC--2017-11-04T08-09-39.695537331Z--aaa
 
# 在矿工文件夹下复制生成统一的钱包：
 mkdir -p datadir/keystore/
vi datadir/keystore/UTC--2017-11-06T04-59-02.bbbb
 
# 把以下内容写进去
{"address":"bbb","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"c661055998679e53e47417b22a62964e132dc668cb7ddad6314fec1481f4db39","cipherparams":{"iv":"c984ab42be45266d4e6518c0fb147715"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":262144,"p":1,"r":8,"salt":"dd43eff76c9fb94a592341f01fb50a1b27e2b6c96eb1cc6df8441f6fbf475992"},"mac":"44f3803a705db1e5c04d5fc9138d0a4d500234eca86ec6a2c9340f4993b4d6b9"},"id":"166b1af2-848f-49c1-8e7a-2901792b32fb","version":3}

生成一个私链创世区块配置文件，gas limit 不能超过53bit，也就是13个 f，不然会出现 admin 连不上，合约出问题等种种麻烦事：

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{
        "config"     : {
                 "chainID": 102400000,
                 "homesteadBlock": 0,
                 "eip155Block": 0,
                 "eip158Block": 0
         },
        "alloc": {
        },
        "coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        "difficulty" : "0x400",
        "extraData"  : "0x6666",
        "gasLimit"   : "0xfffffffffffff",
        "nonce"      : "0xdeadbeefdeadbeef",
        "mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
        "parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
        "timestamp"  : "0x00"
}

其中，

chainID 是接下来要用到的网络 id。

alloc 是为了链初始化的时候就先充值的账户 。

coinbase 是 这个节点附带的矿工的私人账户，可以写不正确的账户，反正节点启动的时候，会试图使用当前 keystore 里面的第一个账户 。

difficulty 是这个网络的难度，数字越小，出块的时间越快。据 gitter 上的人说，实际上区块链网络会自动调整网络难度。

extraData 一个个性签名，目前还是用16进制的数好，不要用中文。

gasLimit 当前网络中一个区块可以容纳的 gas 的总数。

初始化链（这是必须的，否则console 可以运行，账户余额为0，挖矿也会出问题）：

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geth --datadir datadir init genesis.json
 
# 出现这六行就对了
 
INFO [11-24|10:37:39] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/root/home/ethereum/datadir/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [11-24|10:37:39] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [11-24|10:37:39] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata                                  hash=2394b8…d2a0b8
INFO [11-24|10:37:39] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/root/home/ethereum/datadir/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [11-24|10:37:39] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [11-24|10:37:39] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata

启动节点并进入控制台，这个命令可以重复执行，而且可以加上 —verbosity 6 来获取细节的输出：

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geth --identity "Ehtereum1" --rpc --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --nodiscover --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1  console
geth --identity "Ehtereum2" --rpc --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --nodiscover --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1  console

注意，这里的 —networkid 必须和 genesis.json 里的 chainid 相同 ，否则，可能覆盖前者。
查看当前节点信息：admin.nodeInfo

查看当前到底有多少个账户，可以看到预先生成的账户以及导入了：

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eth.accounts
["bbb"]

在 console 查看第一个账户的余额：

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eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

查看所有账户余额的函数：

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function checkAllBalances() {
    var totalBal = 0;
    for (var acctNum in eth.accounts) {
        var acct = eth.accounts[acctNum];
        var acctBal = web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(acct), "ether");
        totalBal += parseFloat(acctBal);
        console.log("  eth.accounts[" + acctNum + "]: \t" + acct + " \tbalance: " + acctBal + " ether");
    }
    console.log("  Total balance: " + totalBal + " ether");
};

在 console 上查看区块数量：

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eth.blockNumber

大部分是空区块的话，一个空区块大概需要 1-2kb 的磁盘空间。按 2kb 一个空区块来看，一年500万个空区块大概需要消耗 10g 的硬盘空间。

在 console 上开始挖矿：

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# 开始挖矿
miner.start(1)
# 停止挖矿
miner.stop()
# 查看当前矿工算力
miner.hashrate

每挖出一个区块来，有5个以太币的奖励。公网有差不多9000万个以太币。

在 node2 上把之前的动作（除了与账户相关的动作）都重做一遍。然后试图重建同一个账户节点的内容：

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touch datadir/keystore/UTC--2017-11-06T04-59-02.250684750Z--9c08de3381cdc76b1672220acfea33e2e502f65e

如果没有相关的目录结构就 mkdir，如果有的话，就直接 touch，然后把 node1 的相同文件下的信息写进去。正如 geth 的官方文档所说：“It is safe to transfer the entire directory or the individual keys therein between ethereum nodes. ”

在 node2 上启动区块节点控制台，在控制台上使用如下得到 node2 的节点信息：

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admin.nodeInfo.enode
 
"enode://966bd49783a2578e59e4d16c8e165721483cbe05864990061a2470fff35f1309272347006442d4f0cc4dc60dc24e39210ca0069409bee60a79237f3cc5923306@0.0.0.0:30303"

注意，把@和:30303之间的地址换成公网可以访问的 IP 地址。

在 node1 的控制台执行以下命令：

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admin.addPeer("enode://966bd49783a2578e59e4d16c8e165721483cbe05864990061a2470fff35f1309272347006442d4f0cc4dc60dc24e39210ca0069409bee60a79237f3cc5923306@10.95.136.68:30303")

其实可以考虑使用 bootnode，如果 bootnode 不挂的话，倒是有点像超级账本里的 anchor peer。

如果两边都开始挖矿了，可以通过以下两个命令查看网络内的节点：

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admin.peers
net.peerCount

两边都开始挖矿，block 会逐渐同步到 canonical chain。
gas 的计算公式： cost = gas * gasPrice , （ 账户1减少的资产 - 账户2增加的资产）/ gasPrice = 消耗的gas
要注意，如果节点重启， peers 有可能会丢失，大家又会在各自的区块链上挖矿，直到重新 addpeer 然后同步，也有自动同步的例子。
而且，节点之间的 account 是不能同步的。必须要拷贝 account 的 keystore 文件才行。

尝试着转账：

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# 创建新账户，注意，千万不要忘记这个步骤的密码。 geth 的官方文档也明确写了：
# If you lose the password you use to encrypt your account, you will not be able to access that account. Repeat: It is NOT possible to access your account without a password and there is no forgot my password option here. Do not forget it.
personal.newAccount()
 
# 解锁被转账账户
 
#在 geth 实例运行期间永久解锁某个账户
personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "123456", 0)
# 或者考虑：
geth --unlock 9c08de3381cdc76b1672220acfea33e2e502f65e  --password password.txt  --datadir datadir/
 
# 输入转账金额
eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:amount})
# 或者使用以下形式
eth.sendTransaction({from: '0x036a03fc47084741f83938296a1c8ef67f6e34fa', to: '0xa8ade7feab1ece71446bed25fa0cf6745c19c3d5', value: web3.toWei(1, "ether")})
# 查看还未被打包的交易
txpool.status
# 查看某笔交易的细节
eth.getTransaction("0x0c59f431068937cbe9e230483bc79f59bd7146edc8ff5ec37fea6710adcab825")
# 查看某个区块的特定内容
eth.getBlock(33)

在这个函数里，可以确认最近 N 个区块里有多少区块是由这个矿工挖出来的：

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function minedBlocks(lastn, addr) {
  addrs = [];
  if (!addr) {
    addr = eth.coinbase
  }
  limit = eth.blockNumber - lastn
  for (i = eth.blockNumber; i >= limit; i--) {
    if (eth.getBlock(i).miner == addr) {
      addrs.push(i)
    }
  }
  return addrs
}
// scans the last 1000 blocks and returns the blocknumbers of blocks mined by your coinbase
// (more precisely blocks the mining reward for which is sent to your coinbase).  
minedBlocks(1000, eth.coinbase);
//[352708, 352655, 352559]

获取当前的 gas limit:

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eth.getBlock("pending").gasLimit

结果总是 4712388，不管 genesis.json 里面设置得多高。

删除链数据而保留账户数据：

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geth removedb

在退出 console 后，用挖矿模式 nohup 静默挖矿：

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# 不要用 --nodiscover，否则 bootnodes 选项会失灵
nohup geth --mine --minerthreads=1  --identity "Ehtereum1" --rpc --rpcapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303"  --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1 --ws --wsport 8546 --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins "*" --wsapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --targetgaslimit '0xfffffffffffff' > miner.log&
nohup geth --mine --minerthreads=1  --identity "Ehtereum2" --rpc --rpcapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1 --ws --wsport 8546 --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins "*" --wsapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --targetgaslimit '0xfffffffffffff' > miner.log&
 
# 无 identity 自动连接的矿工 这要两个矿工的区块链天然同步才可以，否则就要用下面的 bootnodes 格式
nohup geth --mine --minerthreads=1 --rpc --rpcapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1 --ws --wsport 8546 --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins "*" --wsapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --targetgaslimit '0xfffffffffffff' > miner.log&
 
 
# 连接非 bootnode 的普通矿工节点
# 锚节点是 lan-consul-dev2
nohup geth --mine --minerthreads=1 --rpc --rpcapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1 --ws --wsport 8546 --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins "*" --wsapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --bootnodes  enode://68273662bac1b5df8163fb39334879b8d80206ea982b29e2f213786254617d07c7cb60e14aca5946fe74f93f7561f0f563fe8d89878755fa96fc393e1dc560de@10.95.136.46:30303 --targetgaslimit '0xfffffffffffff' > miner.log&
 
 
# 使用 bootnode 的矿工网络连接
# 锚节点是 lan-consul-dev3
nohup geth --mine --minerthreads=1 --rpc --rpcapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1 --ws --wsport 8546 --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins "*" --wsapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --bootnodes  enode://"enode://aca18eec598114bca57c04dc44def7a7551d1622d32cd0e7be58c8a142902cf7a678787782380797175238f2eb132e6338e8232de43f6697d2d52579418354d6@10.95.136.46:30303 > miner.log&

可以用如下命令查看当前到底有多少可用的 module：

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echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"rpc_modules","params":[],"id":1}' | nc -U datadir/geth.ipc
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"admin":"1.0","debug":"1.0","eth":"1.0","miner":"1.0","net":"1.0","personal":"1.0","rpc":"1.0","txpool":"1.0","web3":"1.0"}}

可以用 modules 查看到到底打开了多少个 rpc api：

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echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"rpc_modules","params":[],"id":1}' | nc -U datadir/geth.ipc
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"admin":"1.0","debug":"1.0","eth":"1.0","miner":"1.0","net":"1.0","personal":"1.0","rpc":"1.0","txpool":"1.0","web3":"1.0"}}

可以用 modules 查看到到底打开了多少个 rpc api：

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modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

通过本地端口 attach 上去：

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geth attach http://localhost:8545

在本地安装高版本的 nodejs：

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curl --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash - && yum install -y gcc-c++ make && yum install -y nodejs

目前已知的账户是：bbb

启动 bootnode 节点，让大家都去连 boot node：

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bootnode -genkey nodekeyfile
cat nodekeyfile
nohup bootnode -nodekey nodekeyfile > bootnode.log&
 
# 查看远程的 bootnode 是不是正在监听 udp 端口
nc -vuz 10.95.136.68 30301

从零开始重启动整个矿工节点的脚本：

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kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'geth --mine'  | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
rm -rf datadir/geth
rm -rf miner.log
geth --datadir datadir init genesis.json
nohup geth --mine --minerthreads=1 --rpc --rpcapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --rpcport "8545" --datadir datadir --port "30303" --rpccorsdomain "*" --networkid 102400000 --gasprice 1 --ws --wsport 8546 --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins "*" --wsapi admin,eth,miner,debug,personal,txpool,web3,net --bootnodes enode://68273662bac1b5df8163fb39334879b8d80206ea982b29e2f213786254617d07c7cb60e14aca5946fe74f93f7561f0f563fe8d89878755fa96fc393e1dc560de@10.95.136.46:30303 --targetgaslimit '0xfffffffffffff'  > miner.log&
sleep 5
geth attach http://localhost:8545

使用 clique 算法（puppeth 生成出来的 genesis.json）：

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从日志里读到事务 hash，找到这个事务的输入数据：

1
console.log(web3.toAscii(eth.getTransaction('0xf89e3cb782916c075e550d8ed41136fae3b38f8cd96a716b2dee1bcc5a675570').input))