{ "description": "第一次中东战争逐段证据卡；P编号对应正文HTML注释；阅读状态逐项保留", "cards": [ { "id": "P001", "claim": "战争范围与连续过程", "events": [ "E003", "E012", "E040", "E092" ], "sources": [ "S08", "S19", "S50" ], "boundary": "仅概括可核阶段；不把起点当唯一原因", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P002", "claim": "两辆巴士与数字冲突", "events": [ "E003" ], "sources": [ "S01", "S02" ], "boundary": "5+2是后出史著；初报5，另1为雅法死者；未统一伤者与逐人名单", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P003", "claim": "Shubaki袭击及动机", "events": [ "E001" ], "sources": [ "S01", "S03" ], "boundary": "19/20日分歧；同期4死1危殆；报复解释不等于审判认定", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P004", "claim": "为何采用11月30日作起点", "events": [ "E001", "E002", "E003" ], "sources": [ "S01", "S08" ], "boundary": "分期解释；非最早暴力，未取得巴士原始警务卷与宣誓证词", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P005", "claim": "罢工、街区、道路", "events": [ "E004", "E005", "E006" ], "sources": [ "S02", "S04", "S05" ], "boundary": "罢工号召可证；每一袭击的统一指令不可证", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P006", "claim": "海法炼油厂到村庄报复", "events": [ "E007", "E008" ], "sources": [ "S06", "S07" ], "boundary": "厂内与村庄施暴者不能混同；伤亡初终数区分", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P007", "claim": "武装组织与地方指挥", "events": [ "E012", "E028", "E029" ], "sources": [ "S14", "S19", "S57", "S62", "S73" ], "boundary": "哈加纳含帕尔马赫；伊尔贡/莱希另有指挥；ALA不是五月各国军队", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P008", "claim": "英国退出与接替权力不足", "events": [ "E010", "E032", "E034" ], "sources": [ "S08", "S56", "S81" ], "boundary": "UN报告有观察边界；撤退不等于所有地方同日停止干预", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P009", "claim": "埃齐翁步行增援35人", "events": [ "E006", "E009" ], "sources": [ "S51" ], "boundary": "非车队；路线为后世研究复原，不虚构最后心理或对白", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P010", "claim": "城市炸弹与总部受袭", "events": [ "E011", "E013" ], "sources": [ "S09", "S10" ], "boundary": "本-古里安记录初报；领事车辆不证明美国主使", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P011", "claim": "三月护航失灵", "events": [ "E014", "E015", "E017" ], "sources": [ "S12" ], "boundary": "道路局部失败不同于全境封锁；战史页有已排除的误名误日", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P012", "claim": "纳比达尼埃勒车队受困", "events": [ "E016" ], "sources": [ "S11", "S52" ], "boundary": "同期日记仅能到待援；撤离终局来自编者引用英军档案", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P013", "claim": "救援调兵为何未立即执行", "events": [ "E016", "E018", "E019" ], "sources": [ "S11", "S13", "S14" ], "boundary": "BG提议替换城内兵力再救援；不伪造直接冲锋命令；军火非唯一胜因", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P014", "claim": "达莱特计划授权与条件", "events": [ "E012" ], "sources": [ "S19" ], "boundary": "计划文本与具体执行分开；抵抗与不抵抗条款都写", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P015", "claim": "纳赫雄编成、道路与行动", "events": [ "E019", "E020", "E021" ], "sources": [ "S14", "S15" ], "boundary": "635/500为计划编组而非逐日实到；起点跨夜口径", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P016", "claim": "卡斯塔尔反复易手", "events": [ "E022", "E023" ], "sources": [ "S15", "S16" ], "boundary": "侯赛尼阵亡与阿方夺回并存；重新占领日期保留夜间口径", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P017", "claim": "补给通过与沿线村庄", "events": [ "E025", "E027" ], "sources": [ "S15" ], "boundary": "成功车队不等于永久解除封锁；物资数字来自后编战史", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P018", "claim": "代尔亚辛", "events": [ "E024" ], "sources": [ "S17", "S65" ], "boundary": "ICRC11日现场；总死亡100—110非全数俘后处决", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P019", "claim": "哈达萨车队", "events": [ "E026" ], "sources": [ "S18" ], "boundary": "78为机构纪念口径非本次逐人核验；身份混合；直接报复命令未知", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P020", "claim": "米什马尔哈埃梅克", "events": [ "E028" ], "sources": [ "S62", "S89" ], "boundary": "追踪4—13日；Qawuqji回忆为学术转引，未直读原文", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P021", "claim": "提比里亚", "events": [ "E029" ], "sources": [ "S57" ], "boundary": "地方双指挥、据点争夺、英方撤运；不推广全境撤离命令", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P022", "claim": "海法", "events": [ "E030" ], "sources": [ "S53", "S54" ], "boundary": "领事电报证明撤防及逃离；密谋与全国总令不足", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P023", "claim": "雅法双重攻势", "events": [ "E034", "E035", "E039" ], "sources": [ "S55", "S56" ], "boundary": "Irgun与Hametz区分；英国扫射、炮击、无开火飞越区分", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P024", "claim": "耶武西的失败与局部成果", "events": [ "E031", "E032", "E033" ], "sources": [ "S80", "S81" ], "boundary": "北段、英国干预、南段连接；不写全线胜利", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P025", "claim": "萨法德的据点战", "events": [ "E036" ], "sources": [ "S58", "S59", "S60" ], "boundary": "跨夜日差保留9—11日；爆破、误击细节来自后编战史", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P026", "claim": "本阿米分两阶段", "events": [ "E037" ], "sources": [ "S61" ], "boundary": "5月中旬与20—21日续攻；命令与居民处境逐地", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P027", "claim": "古什埃齐翁", "events": [ "E038" ], "sources": [ "S65", "S66" ], "boundary": "5月13日Kfar与14日其余分开；127/129等总数不得当处决数", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P028", "claim": "建国、托管终结与正规军入境", "events": [ "E040", "E046" ], "sources": [ "S08", "S50", "S67" ], "boundary": "政权与法律情境变化不消除此前战线；国防军尚在整合", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P029", "claim": "阿拉伯各国目标和军队", "events": [ "E040", "E052", "E090" ], "sources": [ "S73", "S74", "S75" ], "boundary": "Abdullah名义统帅不等于统一可执行指挥；后出解释与同期报告区分", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P030", "claim": "萨马赫与约旦河谷", "events": [ "E042", "E043" ], "sources": [ "S21" ], "boundary": "萨马赫19日反攻未夺警署；两炮部署不是叙军退却唯一因果", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P031", "claim": "亚德莫尔德海", "events": [ "E044" ], "sources": [ "S77", "S78" ], "boundary": "19—23日攻防、24撤出；不编造埃军全部战略心理", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P032", "claim": "耶路撒冷旧城犹太区投降", "events": [ "E047" ], "sources": [ "S76" ], "boundary": "28日终局有同期领事报告；缺11日逐屋战斗全日志", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P033", "claim": "拉特伦第一次本努恩", "events": [ "E045" ], "sources": [ "S22", "S23" ], "boundary": "以方初报非终数；旅不译师；指挥认敌错误保留", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P034", "claim": "拉特伦后续本努恩", "events": [ "E048" ], "sources": [ "S23" ], "boundary": "第二次仅确证5月底，不补精确夜日；不能以结果反推意志", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P035", "claim": "缅甸公路分阶段通行", "events": [ "E049", "E050", "E053", "E057" ], "sources": [ "S24", "S25", "S70" ], "boundary": "吉普、搬运、卡车、道路竣工是四种状态；6月14来自后编史", "status": "early_records预综合核验通过；已吸收地理轴线、日期、兵力口径及资料层级修订；war_maps完成成稿独立审查，修订已吸收" }, { "id": "P036", "claim": "约拉姆误攻高地与联络失败", "events": [ "E054" ], "sources": [ "S28", "S29", "S70" ], "boundary": "6月8—9夜；第5营误攻后取得14号高地大部分，第3营被13号阻挡，清晨下令撤退且延续到天亮", 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"claim": "鳥井順分卷错配", "events": [], "sources": [ "S86" ], "boundary": "第二卷1995与第一卷目录不能互换；身份仅书目可证", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P072", "claim": "山崎雅弘同名书", "events": [], "sources": [ "S87", "S97" ], "boundary": "2016是2001版的新版，2003图说为另一本集体作品；仅读出版页与目录", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P073", "claim": "日本战史调查结论", "events": [], "sources": [ "S85", "S86", "S87" ], "boundary": "本次利用其书目定位未吸收正文；具体页图仍不可证", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P074", "claim": "升级步骤与限制选择", "events": [ "E003", "E004", "E008", "E016", "E019", "E040", "E085" ], "sources": [ "S04", "S07", "S11", "S14", "S50", "S44" ], "boundary": "综合已证机制，不制造自动因果或一线总指挥", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P075", "claim": "阶段胜负解释", "events": [ "E045", "E054", "E061", "E069", "E083" ], "sources": [ "S22", "S28", "S31", "S36", "S43" ], "boundary": "最终胜利不抹去战术失败；后勤、编组、外援和外交分层", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P076", "claim": "平民终局", "events": [ "E086", "E090", "E091", "E092" ], "sources": [ "S46", "S48", "S49", "S71" ], "boundary": "军事停战不解决主权难民；不做对称责任结算", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P077", "claim": "总年表与分期", "events": [], "sources": [], "boundary": "继承E001—E092逐行来源；S50仅承担停战分期；跨5月15日的行动不强行全归此前", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P078", "claim": "分战区详细事件表", "events": [], "sources": [], "boundary": "每行继承事件资料表证据；重要差异保留行内", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P079", "claim": "地理标签和正式指挥", "events": [ "E019", "E035", "E061", "E067" ], "sources": [ "S14", "S55", "S30", "S35" ], "boundary": "沿海/走廊/中央/北/南是本文叙事分区；临时编组与旅、战线指挥另述", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" }, { "id": "P080", "claim": "资料覆盖与未决项", "events": [], "sources": [], "boundary": "92行非全战场全集；巴士警方原卷、阿军逐营日志、日本正文、图版权具体列明", "status": "japanese_records预综合与成稿边界审查完成；其他分工的逐项原文不计为其重新实读" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "S01", "title": "Benny Morris, 1948 (Yale, 2008)", "url": "https://www.rahs-open-lid.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Morris-Benny-1948_-A-History-of-the-First-Arab-Israeli-War-Yale-University-Press-2008.pdf", "position": "p.76（巴士）；仅摘读相关页", "status": "研究著作正文", "caveat": "不是袭击者供词；动机为情报部门归因" }, { "id": "S02", "title": "JTA, Six Jews Killed..., 1947-12-01", "url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/six-jews-killed-as-arabs-react-to-partition-higher-committee-calls-general-strike", "position": "巴士与罢工段", "status": "同期新闻正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "两车共5死；日总6死另含雅法死者，不能混数" }, { "id": "S03", "title": "NY Herald Tribune, Turner电讯，1947-11-21", "url": "https://cojs.org/terrorist_jews_execute_4_in_arab_family-_arabs_attack_jews_in_bus-_ny_herald_tribune-_nov-_21-_1947/", "position": "Raanana Nov.20电头及首段", "status": "机构转录，未见原版报纸", "caveat": "4死1危殆；后出史著常记11月19日、5死，尚未化解" }, { "id": "S04", "title": "JTA, Riots flare in Jerusalem, 1947-12-03", "url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/rigts-flare-in-jerusalem-arab-quarter-curfewed-three-jews-killed-31-wounded", "position": "耶路撒冷商业区、交通、雅法段", "status": "同期新闻正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "各地事件不等于统一作战命令" }, { "id": "S05", "title": "JTA, Seven-hour battle..., 1947-12-12", "url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/seven-hour-battle-rages-in-jerusalem-eleven-jews-killed-in-attacks-on-convoys", "position": "伯利恒附近车队段", "status": "检索摘录", "caveat": "仅用于12月11日车队遇袭，不扩充兵力与决策" }, { "id": "S06", "title": "JTA, 41 Jews lynched..., 1947-12-31", "url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/41-jews-lynched-at-haifa-oil-refinery-after-irgun-bombs-kill-six-arabs", "position": "炼油厂段", "status": "同期初报", "caveat": "犹太死者初报41，常用终数39；两者不可相加" }, { "id": "S07", "title": "JTA, Four Arabs killed..., 1948-01-02", "url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/four-arabs-killed-as-haganah-attacks-haifa-in-reprisal-for-massacre-of-jews", "position": "Balad al-Shaykh/Hawassa段", "status": "同期初报", "caveat": "警察与哈加纳伤亡口径不同；不把全村居民视为工厂凶手" }, { "id": "S08", "title": "联合国巴勒斯坦委员会第一份特别安全报告", "url": "https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/FDF734EB76C39D6385256C4C004CDBA7.pdf", "position": "A/AC.21/9，S/676，1948-02-16，I.3、II.3、VII、VIII", "status": "同期官方报告正文", "caveat": "委员会综合英国、犹太机构、阿拉伯高级委员会及新闻，并非逐场亲历" }, { "id": "S09", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-02-23", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/6957", "position": "原件225381；接获2月22日爆炸报告", "status": "同期日记，数字转录", "caveat": "42死97伤是当日掌握的报告，非最终人数" }, { "id": "S10", "title": "JTA, Jewish Agency headquarters wrecked..., 1948-03-11", "url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/jewish-agency-headquarters-wrecked-by-explosion-10-reported-killed-90-wounded", "position": "爆炸与领事车辆段", "status": "同期新闻正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "车辆身份被利用，不等于美国政府实施袭击" }, { "id": "S11", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-03-28", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/12906", "position": "原件223990；Nabi Daniel及调援争论", "status": "同期日记正文", "caveat": "记录当时报告和争论，不保证所有战报准确" }, { "id": "S12", "title": "Palmach: Convoy crisis at end of March", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5607", "position": "3月21、24、25、26、31日条", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "该页把Nabi Daniel误写Nabi Samuel；Yehiam日期亦冲突，不照抄" }, { "id": "S13", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-03-31", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/5180", "position": "原件223993；夜间军火飞机记录", "status": "同期日记正文", "caveat": "日记日期与跨午夜到货日期须区分" }, { "id": "S14", "title": "Palmach: Nachshon forces and objectives", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5815", "position": "编成、4月3日、东西段及命令", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "西段约11公里、东段约23公里；非永久控制证明" }, { "id": "S15", "title": "Palmach: Nachshon salient points", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5816", "position": "4月6—13日逐项记事", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "6日夜开始口径与5—6日不同；卡斯塔尔跨夜日期不强行小时化" }, { "id": "S16", "title": "AP战讯，1948-04-09转载", "url": "https://cojs.org/apr-9-1948-holy-land-battle-muftis-son-killed-as-arabs-push-haganah-from-kastel-stronghold-associated-press-san-francisco-chronicle/", "position": "Qastal及Abd al-Qadir段", "status": "同期新闻转录", "caveat": "原报道亲属关系有误；不用其Mufti之子说法" }, { "id": "S17", "title": "Jacques de Reynier红十字会报告，1948-04-13", "url": "https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/external/doc/fr/assets/files/2013/deir-yassin-rapport-cicr-1948.pdf", "position": "3页；4月10日获讯、11日入村", "status": "同期现场报告影印实读", "caveat": "见尸体/幸存者与救援；没有逐一清点254具尸体" }, { "id": "S18", "title": "Hadassah：车队遇袭76周年纪念", "url": "https://www.hadassah.org/story/76-years-after-hadassah-convoy-massacre-honoring-the-victims", "position": "1948-04-13及78名死者", "status": "机构纪念正文", "caveat": "纪念文章而非逐人名录；乘员包括病人、工作人员和士兵，78人不能统称医护" }, { "id": "S19", "title": "Plan Dalet，1948-03-10", "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/node/40626", "position": "总目标、3(b)(4)居民点行动、城市及封锁条", "status": "原文英译正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "作战授权、条件与执行分开；不得改写为所有村庄一律驱逐或纯防御" }, { "id": "S20", "title": "Haganah intelligence, Emigration of the Arabs..., 1948-06-30", "url": "https://www.akevot.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/1948ISReport-Eng.pdf", "position": "原藏Yad Yaari 95-35.27(3)；导言、原因、村庄表", "status": "同期报告英译及扫描说明", "caveat": "自估10—15%误差，附件1缺失；统计期至6月1日但有少数后期条目" }, { "id": "S21", "title": "Palmach: The Samakh Battle", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5656", "position": "5月17—20日行动段", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "叙方退却原因须留边界；英文编制误译不用" }, { "id": "S22", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-05-25", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/13196", "position": "原件221920；Latrun通话", "status": "同期日记正文", "caveat": "疲劳、延期、PIAT故障为当日报告；敌军身份含误判" }, { "id": "S23", "title": "Palmach: Operation Bin-Nun", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5627", "position": "两次攻击的编成及结果", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "第7旅不是第7师；该页本身不提供精确日历" }, { "id": "S24", "title": "Palmach: Discovering the Burma Road", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5869", "position": "5月30日—6月4日记事", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "探路成功不等于卡车通路完成" }, { "id": "S25", "title": "Palmach: Preparing the Burma Road", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5870", "position": "6月11日、14日工程段", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "所谓合法性不能替代UN检查记录；Yoram日期有矛盾" }, { "id": "S26", "title": "Palmach: Operation Pleshet", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8480", "position": "6月1—3日行动段", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "旅长归属和伤亡口径错误，均不照抄" }, { "id": "S27", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-06-04", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/15206", "position": "原件221930；Jenin与Ishdud报告", "status": "同期日记正文", "caveat": "初报伤亡和敌损不当终数" }, { "id": "S28", "title": "Palmach: Yoram plan", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5873", "position": "第5营、第3营任务及联络", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "营际协同缺口可核，敌方心理不可推出" }, { "id": "S29", "title": "Palmach: Yoram battle", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5874", "position": "误攻14号、05:30撤退段", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "6月8日21时与同站另页9日夜相冲突，日期保留争议" }, { "id": "S30", "title": "Palmach: Dani eastern sector", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5881", "position": "7月13—18日；Ramallah目标取消、Cannon Ridge、Latrun", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "Shilta日期有疑，不用" }, { "id": "S31", "title": "CIA ORE 38–48，1948-07-27", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v05p2/d486", "position": "FRUS 1948 V/2，doc486，Enclosure B、C.4", "status": "同期情报评估正文", "caveat": "数字是估计，伊尔贡另列可能与整编现实重叠；不当精确点名册" }, { "id": "S32", "title": "CIA ORE 48–48，1948-08-05", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v05p2/d512", "position": "FRUS 1948 V/2，doc512", "status": "同期情报评估正文", "caveat": "文本含旧阶段判断，非8月5日所有单位实数" }, { "id": "S33", "title": "安理会第50号决议，1948-05-29", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-211644/", "position": "S/801；停火、人员、军火、观察员条", "status": "同期原文（检索返回）", "caveat": "网页日期转录1943为1948之误" }, { "id": "S34", "title": "PalQuest: Lydda, 9–13 July 1948", "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/highlight/24073/lydda-9-13-july-1948", "position": "攻城、7月12日交火、驱逐命令段", "status": "研究综合正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "屠杀死亡估计不一；Rabin回忆与书面命令区别" }, { "id": "S35", "title": "Palmach: Operation Yoav", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8493", "position": "四阶段、部署及战线转移", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "12月渗透、Dawayima21日等明显日期错误不采用" }, { "id": "S36", "title": "Palmach: Iraq-El-Manshia attack", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8496", "position": "10月16日白昼攻势", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "以方复盘；不从此推出埃军整体部署心理" }, { "id": "S37", "title": "Palmach: Beersheba, Operation Moshe", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8497", "position": "10月21日行动", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "勿把此前计划日当占领日" }, { "id": "S38", "title": "Palmach: Bet-Hanun sector", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8494", "position": "10月16日起破路、埃军沿海绕行段", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "封公路不等于全歼撤退部队" }, { "id": "S39", "title": "PalQuest: Operation Hiram", "url": "https://palquest.org/node/25291", "position": "10月28—31日及村庄后果", "status": "研究综合正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "metadata混入Givati，采用正文四旅名单；后续驱逐另记日期" }, { "id": "S40", "title": "Palmach: Operation Horev", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8500", "position": "12月22日—1月7日行动概述", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "Auja距离及个别日期错误；按子战斗条交叉" }, { "id": "S41", "title": "Palmach: Occupying Auja", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8501", "position": "12月25—27日第82营、哈雷尔第5营", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "不采用未经交叉的敌损" }, { "id": "S42", "title": "Palmach: Reopening Beersheba–Nizzana road", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8503", "position": "12月26—27日清除据点", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "逃离部队不能写成全部被俘" }, { "id": "S43", "title": "Palmach: Negev Brigade invasion of Sinai", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8504", "position": "12月28日起；Um Qatef、Abu Ageila", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "战术摩擦为以方回顾；不替代政府战略授权" }, { "id": "S44", "title": "Palmach: Harel attempt to occupy Rafiah", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8505", "position": "1月2—7日、9—10日撤离段", "status": "纪念机构后编战史正文", "caveat": "战斗末日、停火日、撤出日不同" }, { "id": "S45", "title": "McDonald致国务卿电报，1949-01-03", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1949v06/d351", "position": "FRUS 1949 VI，doc351，转以方照会第1—4段", "status": "同期外交文件正文", "caveat": "以方声称无占领意图是立场，不能当作战计划的客观证明" }, { "id": "S46", "title": "以埃全面停战协定，1949-02-24", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-187865/", "position": "Articles II、III、V、VI", "status": "同期协定文本", "caveat": "停战安排不等于和平或政治边界" }, { "id": "S47", "title": "Bunche报告，1949-03-01", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-211653/", "position": "S/1269，Faluja撤离段", "status": "同期UN报告（检索返回）", "caveat": "2月26—28日撤2900军人，非法卢贾全军投降" }, { "id": "S48", "title": "以外约旦全面停战协定，1949-04-03", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-181069/", "position": "S/1302/Rev.1，Articles II、V、VI", "status": "同期协定正文", "caveat": "停战线与既有国际边界须区别" }, { "id": "S49", "title": "以叙全面停战协定，1949-07-20", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-177464/", "position": "Article V非军事区及附图", "status": "同期协定正文", "caveat": "非军事区不自动裁定主权" }, { "id": "S50", "title": "Bunche报告，1949-07-26", "url": "https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/DE4A6CCF1678812C802564B4003BFFC2.pdf", "position": "停战史II.1—6与协定部分", "status": "同期UN总结正文", "caveat": "观察员能力与交战方违规分开" }, { "id": "S51", "title": "Lamed-Heh战场考古研究，2026", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10761-026-00824-x", "position": "Historical background；Fig.2；Discussion", "status": "同行评审论文正文部分实读", "caveat": "后见路线复原与1948年现场认知有别；路线选择仍有争议" }, { "id": "S52", "title": "Gurney日记编注：Nabi Daniel撤离", "url": "https://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/31818/1/69..pdf", "position": "The End of the British Mandate for Palestine, 1948，p.62，注118", "status": "检索返回编注原文，PDF直取超时", "caveat": "编者综合英军WO275/67与犹太材料；未亲读原军方卷宗" }, { "id": "S53", "title": "FRUS：海法1948年4月战斗编者按", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v05p2/d166", "position": "pp.838—839；引美领事4月22—26日电报867N.01", "status": "官方文献集正文实读", "caveat": "所谓高级委员会撤离命令原文是reportedly，不推广全国" }, { "id": "S54", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-05-01", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/15267", "position": "海法逃离、抢掠、拘押及港区报告", "status": "同期日记正文实读", "caveat": "收到的转述不等于亲见" }, { "id": "S55", "title": "PalQuest: Operation Hametz", "url": "https://palquest.org/node/25281", "position": "目的、三旅分工、Tall al-Rish反击、投降段", "status": "研究综合全文（检索返回；直取403）", "caveat": "原始哈加纳史书页未亲读" }, { "id": "S56", "title": "Evening Star，1948-04-29，p.1", "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ndnp/dlc/batch_dlc_2feininger_ver01/data/sn83045462/00280604458/1948042901/0126.pdf", "position": "AP: British Artillery Bombards Jews...", "status": "同期原报PDF实读", "caveat": "28日黄昏开火与29日无开火飞越分开" }, { "id": "S57", "title": "Mustafa Abbasi, The End of Arab Tiberias", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240759727_The_end_of_Arab_Tiberias_the_Arabs_of_Tiberias_and_the_Battle_for_the_City_in_1948", "position": "作者稿pp.15—17；注81、83、85、88、89", "status": "作者上传全文相应部分实读", "caveat": "英国日志和哈加纳原档为论文转引；校样页码不同正式刊物" }, { "id": "S58", "title": "Palmach: Safed April reinforcements", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5652", "position": "4月16—17日据点撤离与增援段", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "不独立证明阿方全部部署" }, { "id": "S59", "title": "Palmach: Safed final assault", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5796", "position": "三个攻击目标及城堡战斗段", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "5月10日夜与下一条10日晨互相冲突" }, { "id": "S60", "title": "Palmach: Safed police station battle", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5797", "position": "受潮炸药、TNT、警署失守段", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "最后战斗写9—11日；不复制内部矛盾时刻" }, { "id": "S61", "title": "PalQuest: Operation Ben-Ami", "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/militaryoperations/25277/operation-ben-ami", "position": "首阶段及5月19日命令、20—21日村庄段", "status": "研究综合全文（检索返回；直取403）", "caveat": "Nazzal55—57等为转引，非本次原书阅读" }, { "id": "S62", "title": "Palmach: Mishmar Haemek battle", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5783", "position": "4月4、5、8—9、10、11—12日及后续", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "详述至约13日，不能单独证明15日所有撤退完成" }, { "id": "S63", "title": "Operation Dekel, IDF材料转载", "url": "https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/operation-dekel-july-1948", "position": "全部行动段", "status": "机构后编战史转载实读", "caveat": "非原始命令；eve of July16不用于确定小时" }, { "id": "S64", "title": "Kenneth Bilby，1948-07-15 NY Herald Tribune", "url": "https://cojs.org/israelis_open_offensive_in_central_galilee-_ny_herald_tribune-_july_15-_1948/", "position": "7月14日特拉维夫电头；Shefa-Amr、Ein Mahil段", "status": "机构转录实读，未见原报图片", "caveat": "战时新闻非全军战斗序列" }, { "id": "S65", "title": "Itamar Radai, Palestinians in the 1948 War and recent historiography", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361171088_The_Palestinians_in_the_1948_War_and_recent_historiography_in_Israel", "position": "在线先刊版pp.4、9—10；注27、57—60、74；DOI10.1080/13531042.2021.2075107", "status": "作者上传全文相关页实读", "caveat": "Deir Yassin总死者约100—110不等于全部投降后处决；Etzion分项仍争论" }, { "id": "S66", "title": "The Siege and Fall of Gush Etzion", "url": "https://jewishaction.com/jewish-world/history/the-siege-and-fall-of-gush-etzion/", "position": "最后战斗、Aliza Feuchtwanger证言", "status": "2012年地方史改写及幸存者回忆转录实读", "caveat": "建国日期等旁枝错误不采用；不是逐人死亡核算" }, { "id": "S67", "title": "Defence Army of Israel Ordinance影印", "url": "https://history.telfed.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/machal-sa800.compressed.pdf", "position": "Katzew, South Africa's 800，p.26（PDF32）；Altalena pp.147—152", "status": "出版机构PDF正文与影印索引实读", "caveat": "条例原文与战后访谈分开；不据此认定政变图谋" }, { "id": "S68", "title": "以黎全面停战协定，1949-03-23", "url": "https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1949/10/19491006%2004-57%20PM/volume%2042-I-655-English_French.pdf", "position": "UNTS42，No.655，p.287起；II、V、VI", "status": "联合国条约原文实读", "caveat": "条款规定10日内撤离，不等于已核每村实际执行日" }, { "id": "S69", "title": "PalQuest: al-Malikiyya与Qadas", "url": "https://palquest.org/en/place/17091/al-malikiyya", "position": "5月29日及6月初反复易手段；对读Qadas条", "status": "村史正文实读", "caveat": "与Qadas https://www.palquest.org/en/node/17110 的6月6／7日冲突，写6月初" }, { "id": "S70", "title": "Ben-Gurion日记，1948-06-09", "url": "https://bengurionarchive.bgu.ac.il/en/node/10133", "position": "原件221935；6月9日上午及中午收到前夜战斗消息", "status": "同期日记正文实读", "caveat": "佐证Yoram在8—9日夜；所报伤亡为初报" }, { "id": "S71", "title": "联合国近东经济调查团报告，1949", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-194924/", "position": "难民统计附录A、B；最终报告Part I附录同表", "status": "同期统计说明正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "726000为人口差额推估；751000含25000边界生计个案，非同口径" }, { "id": "S72", "title": "UN：伯纳多特调解与遇刺回顾", "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-206581/", "position": "1948年9月17日及难民建议段", "status": "联合国后编史正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "不是袭击现场调查；莱希责任与个别命令链有别" }, { "id": "S73", "title": "Simha Flapan, Zionism and the Palestinians (1979)", "url": "https://yplus.ps/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Flapan-Simha-Zionism-and-the-Palestinians.pdf", "position": "pp.321、323；五月协调与埃军目标", "status": "研究正文相关页实读", "caveat": "底层注33—35未另读；作战计划解释有争论" }, { "id": "S74", "title": "Avi Shlaim, Britain and the Arab-Israeli War of 1948", "url": "https://balfourproject.org/bp/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Britain-Arab-Israeli-War-1948-JPS-1987.pdf", "position": "JPS16(4),1987，pp.55、62", "status": "研究正文相关页实读", "caveat": "8月独立指挥安排不能直接当5月原命令" }, { "id": "S75", "title": "Tuck电报422，1948-04-26", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v05p2/d186", "position": "FRUS1948 V/2，p.863，正文及注3", "status": "同期美国外交电报正文实读", "caveat": "首相反对与摄政施压为使馆所获情报，保留归属" }, { "id": "S76", "title": "Burdett电报783，1948-05-29", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v05p2/d345", "position": "FRUS1948 V/2，p.1076，正文及注1", "status": "同期美国外交电报正文实读", "caveat": "旧城犹太区非整个耶路撒冷；撤离交火起因说法不同" }, { "id": "S77", "title": "Palmach: Battle of Yad-Mordechay", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8477", "position": "5月19—23日逐日段", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "不采用未经交叉的武器译名和伤亡总数" }, { "id": "S78", "title": "Palmach: Battling the Egyptian Invaders", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8474", "position": "正文第6—8段；5月24日撤离及北进", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "未给Isdud到达的精确日" }, { "id": "S79", "title": "Palmach: Co-operational areas", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5803", "position": "6月6日、10日Mishmar Hayarden及侦察段", "status": "后编战史正文实读", "caveat": "能证日期及侦察，不能补全叙军营级部署" }, { "id": "S80", "title": "Palmach: Operation Yevusi", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5615", "position": "4月22日—5月1日目标及指挥争议", "status": "后编战史正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "不能把计划全部当成果" }, { "id": "S81", "title": "Palmach: Major actions during Yevusi", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=5824", "position": "4月23、25、27、30日记事", "status": "后编战史正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "Sheikh Jarrah占领后被英方要求退出" }, { "id": "S82", "title": "Palmach: Operation Ovda", "url": "https://palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8506", "position": "2月侦察、3月5—10日双路行动", "status": "后编战史正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "地图作业与地面行军为以方记录，不等于双方主权协议" }, { "id": "S83", "title": "Palmach: Ninth Battalion", "url": "https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=6202", "position": "1949年1月撤西奈、Ovda后阻止返乡任务段", "status": "后编单位史正文（检索返回）", "caveat": "仅能证明该单位任务，不代表所有地区同一执行日" }, { "id": "S84", "title": "联大第194(III)号决议", "url": "https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/194(III)", "position": "1948-12-11，第11段", "status": "条文通过联合国回顾材料转引核对；原站直取403", "caveat": "返回与赔偿条款非实际返乡已经完成" }, { "id": "S85", "title": "田上四郎《中東戦争全史》", "url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BN02214000?l=en", "position": "原書房1981.12，552页，ISBN4562011904", "status": "仅实读书目，NDL数字版受限", "caveat": "未读1948章、地图；中译1985与原版分页不同" }, { "id": "S86", "title": "鳥井順《中東軍事紛争史》II", "url": "https://honno.info/d3sk/index.html?isbn=9784807495245", "position": "第三書館1995.8，1945—1956，491页，ISBN9784807495245", "status": "出版社书目和简介；未读真实目录扫描与正文", "caveat": "CiNii附加BOOK目录卷次错配；不能引用其为本卷目录" }, { "id": "S87", "title": "山崎雅弘《新版 中東戦争全史》", "url": "https://publications.asahi.com/product/18281.html", "position": "朝日新聞出版2016.8.5，416页，ISBN9784022618726", "status": "出版页、目录、版次；未读第三章正文", "caveat": "参考文献页399—405只核范围，非读过具体条目" }, { "id": "S88", "title": "Qawuqji, Memoirs 1948 Part I", "url": "https://online.ucpress.edu/jps/article-abstract/1/4/27/51212/Memoirs-1948-Part-I?redirectedFrom=fulltext", "position": "JPS1(4),1972，pp.27—58，DOI10.2307/2535662", "status": "出版信息；全文受限", "caveat": "PartII为5月，不应用来定位4月Mishmar；日记与追述层次未逐段判" }, { "id": "S89", "title": "PalQuest: al-Mansi", "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/place/16843/al-mansi", "position": "4月11日下午反击、12—13日及参考文献Q:44", "status": "村史正文实读", "caveat": "Qawuqji为转引，原回忆录p.44未亲读；5月再占不能擅自补连续占领" }, { "id": "S90", "title": "Laila Parsons, Soldiering for Arab Nationalism (2007)", "url": "https://online.ucpress.edu/jps/article-abstract/36/4/33/53970/Soldiering-for-Arab-Nationalism-Fawzi-al-Qawuqji?redirectedFrom=fulltext", "position": "出版方摘要：Qawuqji私人文书", "status": "只读摘要", "caveat": "能说明存在及保存线索；不能冒充已读论文论证" }, { "id": "S91", "title": "9th Lancers档案目录", "url": "https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/download/GB1609%20912L", "position": "912L:2089/24、25", "status": "目录实读，未读卷内", "caveat": "有目录不等于数字全文开放" }, { "id": "S92", "title": "AUB Palestinian Oral History Archive", "url": "https://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/Pages/poha.aspx", "position": "项目介绍与规模", "status": "项目页实读；个别访谈只读时间索引", "caveat": "650访谈等非1948同期日志" }, { "id": "S93", "title": "BnF中国研究书目（2021）", "url": "https://www.bnf.fr/sites/default/files/2021-10/biblio%20agreg%20chinois%202022.pdf", "position": "p.12，全国解放战争史条", "status": "机构书目实读", "caveat": "五卷1993—1997、军科院机构可核；不证明原始日志全部开放" }, { "id": "S94", "title": "United Nations Palestine Commission档案目录", "url": "https://search.archives.un.org/downloads/united-nations-palestine-commission-unpac-1948.pdf", "position": "AG-060，包含EMPTY FILE标记", "status": "档案目录实读", "caveat": "空卷标记不证明当时未记录或所有同类材料丢失" }, { "id": "S95", "title": "Ofira Gruweis Kovalsky, The ghost of the Altalena seventy-five years on (2023)", "url": "https://herzl.haifa.ac.il/images/The_ghost_of_the_Altalena_seventy_five_years_on.pdf", "position": "Israel Affairs 29(3),587–601；pp.593、595—596；DOI10.1080/13537121.2023.2206228", "status": "研究者实际读取开放论文相关正文", "caveat": "6月22日炮击可证；人物动机仍属作者解释" }, { "id": "S96", "title": "田上四郎《中东战争全史》中译本书目", "url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA61094602", "position": "解放军出版社1985.1，493页；军事科学院外国军事研究部译", "status": "仅书目实读", "caveat": "未读译文；不能与1981日文版直接套用页码" }, { "id": "S97", "title": "山崎雅弘作者作品页", "url": "https://www.mas-yamazaki.net/currentworks.html", "position": "2001《中東戦争全史》、2003《図説 中東戦争全史》、2016新版关系", "status": "作品信息实际核对", "caveat": "作者书目不是三书正文" } ], "events": [ { "id": "E001", "date": "1947-11-19／20，日期有分歧", "place": "拉阿纳纳附近 Shubaki 家宅", "actors": "袭击者被同期报道指为莱希／Stern成员", "action": "夜袭家宅；后出史著常记19日5死，同期20日电讯记4死1危殆", "result": "形成其后报复说法的重要背景", "link": "与E003有关，但报复动机主要来自后出情报材料归因", "source": "S03，同期电头；S01，p.76", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E002", "date": "1947-11-29", "place": "纽约联合国大会", "actors": "联合国会员国", "action": "通过第181号决议的分治方案", "result": "提出两个国家及耶路撒冷国际安排", "link": "政治方案改变动员预期；不等于方案已获军事实施", "source": "S08，I；S02，背景", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E003", "date": "1947-11-30早晨", "place": "法贾 Fajja／Kfar Syrkin 附近道路", "actors": "两辆犹太客车；袭击者为阿拉伯武装，具体身份来自情报归因", "action": "先后两次袭击；Morris记约08:20及半小时后", "result": "JTA初报两车5死；Morris记5+2死；伤者口径未统一", "link": "常用内战阶段起点；不能由此认定统一总攻命令或唯一战争原因", "source": "S02，巴士段；S01，p.76", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E004", "date": "1947-12-02", "place": "耶路撒冷 Mamilla 商业区", "actors": "阿拉伯高级委员会号召罢工；街头人群、哈加纳、英国警察", "action": "三日罢工首日发生焚店、抢掠与交火，英方宵禁", "result": "商业活动、街区通行遭破坏", "link": "政治动员与地方暴力交织；哈加纳守卫及约束报复并存", "source": "S02，罢工；S04，Jerusalem段", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E005", "date": "1947-12-02下午", "place": "耶路撒冷—特拉维夫道路；雅法—特拉维夫交界", "actors": "地方袭击者、哈加纳、Najada等", "action": "道路因袭击中断；城市交界出现隔离地带", "result": "通勤和货运需要武装保障", "link": "街区分裂与护航需求在建国前形成", "source": "S04，交通及Jaffa段", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E006", "date": "1947-12-11", "place": "伯利恒附近，通往古什埃齐翁 Gush Etzion", "actors": "犹太补给车队、当地阿拉伯武装", "action": "车队遭多方向伏击", "result": "据点补给人员受损", "link": "道路战扩及耶路撒冷南方，不仅是巴士路线延续", "source": "S05，Bethlehem convoy段（摘录）", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E007", "date": "1947-12-30", "place": "海法 Haifa 炼油厂", "actors": "伊尔贡袭击者；阿拉伯及犹太工人", "action": "伊尔贡炸弹杀死阿拉伯人，厂内继发杀害犹太工人事件", "result": "同期初报阿拉伯死者6、犹太死者41；此处不冒充最终统计", "link": "触发E008，但不能认定随后遇袭村民即厂内施暴者", "source": "S06，全文", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E008", "date": "1947-12-31夜—1948-01-01", "place": "Balad al-Shaykh、Hawassa", "actors": "哈加纳部队、村民及武装", "action": "以炼油厂事件为由实施报复性袭击", "result": "人员死亡；警察初报与武装战报差异大", "link": "报复对象从工厂转向村庄，扩大平民风险", "source": "S07，全文；不采用未经统一的终数", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E009", "date": "1948-01-15夜—16日", "place": "Hartuv—Surif／Tsurif—Jaba'a—埃齐翁山区", "actors": "Dani Mass率哈加纳／帕尔马赫增援队；地方武装", "action": "改走山地步行线路；38人出发，3人返回，其余35人战死", "result": "增援未到；路线与最后战斗细节仍有研究争议", "link": "公路受阻推动绕行，绕行又受地形、负重、昼夜限制", "source": "S51，Historical background、Fig.2", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E010", "date": "1948-02-16", "place": "联合国；巴勒斯坦全境", "actors": "联合国巴勒斯坦委员会、英方与当地政治机构", "action": "特别报告评估秩序瓦解及分治执行困难", "result": "指出若无外部武力支持，难以实施方案", "link": "英国退出与接替治安力量不足，放大地方武装争夺", "source": "S08，VII、VIII", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E011", "date": "1948-02-22；23日接报", "place": "耶路撒冷 Ben Yehuda Street", "actors": "爆炸袭击者、城市居民；Shaltiel向Ben-Gurion汇报", "action": "汽车炸弹造成大量死伤", "result": "23日日记收录42死97伤初报", "link": "城市爆炸与道路战并行；不能把初报当最终总数", "source": "S09，原件225381", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E012", "date": "1948-03-10", "place": "哈加纳总参谋部／各旅", "actors": "哈加纳", "action": "制订达莱特计划 Plan Dalet", "result": "明确地域控制、交通与抵御正规军的部署，含破坏村庄及在条件下驱逐居民的条款", "link": "将地方行动纳入更大规模地域控制；实际执行须逐地核查", "source": "S19，总目标、3(b)(4)、城市条款", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E013", "date": "1948-03-11", "place": "耶路撒冷犹太事务局", "actors": "Anton Daoud及袭击协力者；事务局人员", "action": "利用美国领事车辆出入条件放置炸弹", "result": "总部遭破坏，初报多人死伤", "link": "行政中枢也成为目标；车辆来源不等于美国政府主使", "source": "S10，爆炸及车辆段", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E014", "date": "1948-03-24", "place": "耶路撒冷公路泵站附近", "actors": "补给车队、地方武装、英军泵站守军", "action": "车辆触雷和翻覆堵路，护卫弹药减少；部分车辆与伤员退入英军据点", "result": "英军后续救护、护送，遗弃车辆被烧", "link": "固定路面容易被少量障碍物堵塞；英国介入方式仍取决于现场", "source": "S12，24日条；不复制未经核查敌军人数", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E015", "date": "1948-03-25—26", "place": "耶路撒冷公路；内盖夫 Negev", "actors": "犹太运输队、地方武装", "action": "25日35辆车抵耶路撒冷；26日内盖夫交通被截", "result": "相邻两日不同路线呈现不同结果", "link": "不能把某次成功护航推广为全区交通恢复", "source": "S12，25—26日条", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E016", "date": "1948-03-27—28", "place": "埃齐翁—耶路撒冷，Nabi Daniel", "actors": "补给车队、地方阿拉伯武装、英方；Ben-Gurion、Yadin等", "action": "回程障碍反复设置，突围车辆故障，人员据屋待援；英方介入撤离", "result": "人员与车辆损失；总部争论是否从沿海调600—1000人救援", "link": "本-古里安提议沿海调兵至城内替换当地部队再救援；Yadin等指出入城道路本已危险", "source": "S11，受困与争论；S52，p.62注118，英军撤离结果（编者引原档）", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E017", "date": "1948-03-31", "place": "Hulda／胡尔达附近", "actors": "赴耶路撒冷车队及哈加纳／帕尔马赫护卫、地方武装", "action": "车队再遭伏击", "result": "运输失败与人员损失", "link": "连续护航失利成为改用集中部队控制道路的重要背景", "source": "S12，31日条", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E018", "date": "1948-03-31夜—04-01", "place": "犹太控制区军用机场／运输体系", "actors": "军火采购与航空运输人员、哈加纳", "action": "首批空运军火到达的日记记录", "result": "可供集中作战的武器增加", "link": "与新战法结合，不能单独解释全部四月胜负", "source": "S13，原件223993；跨午夜日期", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E019", "date": "1948-04-03", "place": "卡斯塔尔 Qastal／Castel；胡尔达—耶路撒冷走廊", "actors": "哈加纳、帕尔马赫；Shimon Avidan统辖临时编组", "action": "先取卡斯塔尔；纳赫雄分东西段部署，另有预备兵力", "result": "将护车扩大为占据路旁地形", "link": "控制山口及高地为车队提供时间窗口", "source": "S14，编成及4月3日条", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E020", "date": "1948-04-05—06起", "place": "耶路撒冷西部走廊", "actors": "纳赫雄 Nachshon 部队、当地阿拉伯武装", "action": "展开集中开路行动；不同材料以5日或6日夜为正式起点", "result": "车队再获通过机会", "link": "临时编成跨单位兵力，突破以随车警卫为主的旧办法", "source": "S14；S15，开始段（日期口径保留）", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E021", "date": "1948-04月上旬，纳赫雄初期", "place": "通往耶路撒冷道路", "actors": "运输队与开路部队", "action": "第一批补给车辆通过", "result": "缓解物资短缺", "link": "单批通过不等于封锁永久解除", "source": "S15，首批车队段；车数不强行统一", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E022", "date": "1948-04-08", "place": "卡斯塔尔", "actors": "Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni所部、哈加纳守军", "action": "反攻中侯赛尼死亡，阿拉伯武装夺回据点", "result": "道路控制再度动摇，指挥层失去重要首领", "link": "指挥损失与战术夺回同时发生，不能只写某方获胜", "source": "S16，AP战讯；S15", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E023", "date": "1948-04-09及前后夜间", "place": "卡斯塔尔", "actors": "哈加纳／帕尔马赫、阿拉伯守军", "action": "犹太部队重新占据高地", "result": "恢复开路条件", "link": "据点数次易手解释为何补给窗口短暂", "source": "S15，9日夜条；AP报道口径到9日", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E024", "date": "1948-04-09；11日现场访问", "place": "代尔亚辛 Deir Yassin", "actors": "伊尔贡、莱希攻击者；村民；ICRC代表Reynier", "action": "攻击、平民遭杀害；11日红十字会代表入村查看尸体与幸存者", "result": "后出研究多估总死亡约100—110；含大量非战斗人员", "link": "与恐惧、逃离相关，但不能由一村推定所有地方经历相同", "source": "S17，现场报告；S65，先刊版pp.4、9；人数不等于全为战后处决", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E025", "date": "1948-04-11夜", "place": "Qoloniya／卡卢尼亚", "actors": "纳赫雄部队、当地居民及武装", "action": "村庄被占并遭破坏", "result": "道路沿线地域控制扩大", "link": "道路保护也改变沿线居民的居住条件", "source": "S15，11日条；S19须与实施分开", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E026", "date": "1948-04-13", "place": "Sheikh Jarrah—Mount Scopus／斯科普斯山", "actors": "哈达萨医疗补给车队、护卫、阿拉伯袭击者；附近英军", "action": "车队遭长时间袭击与焚烧", "result": "机构纪念文章计78名犹太死者，含病人、工作人员及士兵", "link": "人员身份不能因有护卫而一概归为战斗人员；英军处置与直接报复动机仍须另证", "source": "S18，纪念文章首段；非逐人名录", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E027", "date": "1948-04-13夜及行动收尾", "place": "胡尔达—耶路撒冷", "actors": "纳赫雄部队、运输组织", "action": "后续大型车队进城卸货返回，平原组织问题限制继续发车", "result": "补给改善但开路行动未消除持续护路难题", "link": "地形控制之外，装载、集结、运力也限制行动成果", "source": "S15，13日及结尾", "phase": "1947年末至1948年4月：道路与城市" }, { "id": "E028", "date": "1948-04-04—13，行动延续至月中", "place": "米什马尔哈埃梅克 Mishmar Haemek及周围村庄", "actors": "Qawuqji阿拉伯解放军；守军、Golani增援、Sadeh统辖反攻兵力", "action": "炮击与步攻未突破；增援后以方转攻周边高地，阿方再攻未能扭转", "result": "主动权转向以方，周边村庄遭攻击与居民逃离", "link": "不是五月伊拉克正规军作战；Qawuqji退往al-Mansi有转引佐证", "source": "S62，逐日段；S89，Q:44转引", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E029", "date": "1948-04-16—18", "place": "提比里亚 Tiberias／Tabariyya", "actors": "戈兰尼所属Barak部队、当地哈加纳、Netzer帕尔马赫连；Tabari与Shahin指挥系统、英军", "action": "攻占通往上加利利出口和旅馆据点，17日进攻旧城；18日投降后撤离", "result": "阿拉伯居民由英方组织撤出", "link": "地方指挥分裂与补给不足影响防御；不是全境统一撤离令的证明", "source": "S57，作者稿pp.15—17、注81—89", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E030", "date": "1948-04-21—22", "place": "海法 Haifa港口及市区", "actors": "英国驻军、哈加纳卡尔梅利旅、阿拉伯守军及居民", "action": "英军收缩到港口等据点；犹太武装攻取市区", "result": "阿拉伯居民大量离开，英方安排船只和车队", "link": "英国撤防改变战术空间；不能据时间相邻推定密谋", "source": "S53，pp.838—839；S54，5月1日所获报告", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E031", "date": "1948-04-23", "place": "Nabi Samuel／纳比萨穆埃勒、Shu'afat", "actors": "哈雷尔 Harel旅第4、5营；阿拉伯守军", "action": "耶武西 Yevusi行动北段攻击失败，Shu'afat部队按令退出", "result": "未能打通北部据点", "link": "部队伤亡、训练不足限制集中攻势，并非四月全线取胜", "source": "S80；S81，23日条", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E032", "date": "1948-04-25—27", "place": "Sheikh Jarrah／谢赫贾拉，耶路撒冷", "actors": "哈雷尔旅、当地守军、英军；Sadeh与Shaltiel", "action": "25日攻占街区后被英方要求退出；27日联合行动指挥部解散", "result": "局部占领未固定，指挥摩擦显现", "link": "英军仍能限制行动；犹太各指挥系统也需磨合", "source": "S81，25、27日条", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E033", "date": "1948-04-30", "place": "Katamon／卡塔蒙、San Simon修道院", "actors": "哈雷尔第4、5营及Moria部队、阿拉伯守军", "action": "占据修道院与街区", "result": "加强耶路撒冷南部犹太区联系", "link": "城市连接改善，不意味着西部补给公路全部打开", "source": "S81，30日条；S80，目标", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E034", "date": "1948-04-25—29", "place": "雅法 Jaffa／Yafa，Manshiyya", "actors": "伊尔贡、当地守军、英国军队", "action": "伊尔贡攻击曼希耶；英军炮击并有空中扫射", "result": "伊尔贡在28—29日间夺区，英军干预限制扩张", "link": "与哈加纳外围Hametz行动不同；飞越不等于每次投弹", "source": "S55；S56，4月29日p.1", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E035", "date": "1948-04-28—30", "place": "雅法外围、Tall al-Rish", "actors": "Dan Epstein统辖Alexandroni、Kiryati、Givati；Michel Isa所部", "action": "Hametz／哈梅茨行动夺外围道路村庄；Tall al-Rish遭反击夺回", "result": "城市对外联系缩减，但局部攻击失利", "link": "隔离、持续炮火、社会瓦解共同推动撤离与投降", "source": "S55，第1—5段；S56", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E036", "date": "1948-05-09—11", "place": "萨法德 Safed／Safad", "actors": "帕尔马赫部队、当地阿拉伯守军", "action": "并攻城堡、城市警署、学校；警署爆破首尝失败后改用TNT", "result": "核心据点失守，居民出走", "link": "北部攻势取得枢纽；各后编页跨夜日期矛盾，保留区间", "source": "S58—S60；不写未核精确小时", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E037", "date": "1948-05-13—14起，20—21日续攻", "place": "西加利利海岸；Kabri、Umm al-Faraj、al-Nahr", "actors": "卡尔梅利旅、村庄守军与居民", "action": "本阿米 Ben-Ami行动连接沿海据点；19日命令后展开后续村庄行动", "result": "海法以北通行与控制扩大，村庄居民遭迫离", "link": "不是只历时两日的行动；各村结果不可一概称战斗中逃离", "source": "S61，首阶段及19日命令段", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E038", "date": "1948-05-12—14", "place": "古什埃齐翁 Gush Etzion；Kfar Etzion", "actors": "阿拉伯军团、地方阿拉伯武装；据点守军与居民", "action": "12日最终攻击，13日主据点失守并发生投降后杀戮；14日其余据点投降", "result": "南部犹太据点群被消除，幸存者被俘", "link": "正规军介入已有建国前先例；总死者与处决死者不能混数", "source": "S65，p.10；S66，幸存者证言及最后战斗", "phase": "1948年春：城市与地域控制" }, { "id": "E039", "date": "1948-05-11—13", "place": "雅法 Jaffa", "actors": "城市代表、哈加纳", "action": "11日开始投降接触，13日正式投降", "result": "海岸重要城市转入犹太武装控制", "link": "发生于邻国正规军大规模介入前", "source": "S55，投降段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E040", "date": "1948-05-14—15", "place": "特拉维夫；原英国托管地", "actors": "以色列临时政府、英国、周边阿拉伯国家", "action": "14日宣布建国；托管统治结束，邻国正规军大规模介入", "result": "内战与国家间战争重叠", "link": "既有道路、城市、人口变化成为新阶段初始条件", "source": "S75，参战讨论；S73，pp.321、323；S76背景", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E041", "date": "1948-05月至06月初", "place": "马利基耶 al-Malikiyya／Malkiya、Qadas", "actors": "帕尔马赫／以军、黎巴嫩军队及阿拉伯解放军相关力量", "action": "边境据点多次易手；5月29日以方再取，6月初阿方再占", "result": "北部边界并未随正规军介入一次定型", "link": "各来源6月6、7日有差异，不把两村日期互换", "source": "S69及Qadas交叉；不采伞兵传闻", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E042", "date": "1948-05-18", "place": "萨马赫 Samakh／Tzemach", "actors": "叙利亚军队、当地犹太守军与帕尔马赫", "action": "空袭后装甲与步兵攻击，侧翼威胁撤退通道", "result": "守军退往德加尼亚方向", "link": "叙军取得局部突破，后续以军需重新集结", "source": "S21，18日段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E043", "date": "1948-05-19—20", "place": "Samakh警署—Degania／德加尼亚", "actors": "叙军、帕尔马赫反攻部队及炮兵", "action": "19日反攻只取学校，未取警署；20日投入65毫米炮支援防御", "result": "叙军未能继续突破德加尼亚", "link": "步兵、火炮与局部地形共同作用；不能归功于单独一辆被击毁坦克", "source": "S21，19—20日段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E044", "date": "1948-05-19—24", "place": "Yad Mordechai／亚德莫迪凯—Majdal", "actors": "埃及军队、聚落守军、内盖夫部队", "action": "炮击、步兵及装甲攻坚，防御工事反复破坏；守军24日拂晓撤", "result": "埃军沿海继续向Majdal、Isdud推进", "link": "据点迟滞推进但未永久阻断；到Isdud精确日未据此判定", "source": "S77，逐日段；S78，第6—8段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E045", "date": "1948-05-25", "place": "拉特伦 Latrun／Latrun警署与附近高地", "actors": "以军新建第7旅及加强部队、阿拉伯军团", "action": "第一次宾努恩 Bin-Nun进攻拖入白昼，遭抵抗失败", "result": "仍不能用原干道向耶路撒冷供给", "link": "当天日记记延期、连续作战疲劳及PIAT故障", "source": "S22，原件221920；S23", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E046", "date": "1948-05-26签署，31日公布", "place": "以色列临时政府", "actors": "临时政府、哈加纳及其他武装", "action": "颁布国防军条例，禁止国防军以外武装力量", "result": "提供统一军队法律基础", "link": "组织整合并不当天完成，六月仍发生Altalena冲突", "source": "S67，p.26，条例影印", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E047", "date": "1948-05-28", "place": "耶路撒冷旧城犹太区", "actors": "Abdullah el-Tel所部阿拉伯军团、犹太区守军与居民、UN代表", "action": "守军投降，依协议分别撤离平民、伤员与战俘", "result": "犹太居民离开旧城；新城战况不同", "link": "不是整个耶路撒冷陷落，亦非与Etzion相同的终局", "source": "S76，p.1076及注1", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E048", "date": "1948-05月底", "place": "拉特伦", "actors": "以军第7旅及Givati等加强兵力、阿拉伯军团", "action": "第二次宾努恩进攻战至黎明后失败", "result": "军团保持主要据点", "link": "强攻继续受挫，绕行方案必要性上升", "source": "S23，两次攻击；精确夜次未据该页确定", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E049", "date": "1948-05-30夜", "place": "Beit Susin／贝特苏辛附近", "actors": "双方向外探路的犹太吉普队", "action": "从东西方向探路并会合", "result": "证明可尝试南绕拉特伦的线路", "link": "探路和工程尚未等同稳定运力", "source": "S24，30日段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E050", "date": "1948-05-31夜—06-01夜", "place": "缅甸公路 Burma Road", "actors": "军械运输队、工程与护路人员", "action": "31日试运翻车折返；次夜成功，险段仍需推拖", "result": "形成接力运输可能", "link": "路面坡度和车辆故障决定实际运力", "source": "S24，31日—1日段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E051", "date": "1948-06-02—03夜", "place": "Isdud／伊斯杜德（今Ashdod附近）、Nitzanim", "actors": "以军Givati、Negev及伊尔贡相关力量；埃军", "action": "普莱谢特 Pleshet进攻南翼沙丘行军延误，火力与步兵失配；埃装甲威胁退路", "result": "以方撤退，埃军保持Isdud阵地", "link": "不能把进攻失败改写成以方战术胜利；更不能单因果解释埃军停止北进", "source": "S26，行动段；S27，6月4日报告", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E052", "date": "1948-06-03—04", "place": "杰宁 Jenin，面向Tulkarm／图勒凯尔姆", "actors": "以军Carmeli等部、伊拉克军队及地方守军", "action": "以方进入外围高地后无法稳固；3日午夜决定撤退，4日黎明执行", "result": "伊拉克军守住该方向", "link": "Carmel认为须牵制Tulkarm才能维持；其他部队报告兵力不足", "source": "S27，Jenin及Yadin通话", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E053", "date": "1948-06-04起", "place": "缅甸公路陡坡段", "actors": "搬运工、牲畜、运输与护卫队", "action": "人背、驮运接力替代无法全程通过的卡车", "result": "少量物资得以继续入城", "link": "开放路线要经过扩大运力的阶段", "source": "S24，4日段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E054", "date": "1948-06-08—09夜", "place": "拉特伦13、14号高地", "actors": "哈雷尔第5营、伊夫塔赫第3营等；军团守军", "action": "约拉姆 Yoram计划先取13号再穿越攻14号；第5营误攻14号，第3营被阻，联络失败", "result": "已突入部队奉令撤退", "link": "6月9日日记确认前夜战斗，并记录上级对计划变更不知情", "source": "S28、S29；S70原件221935校正日期", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E055", "date": "1948-06-06—10", "place": "米什马尔哈亚登 Mishmar Hayarden", "actors": "叙军、当地守军、Rosh Pina增援及侦察人员", "action": "6日起空地攻击，10日聚落陷落", "result": "叙军保有约旦河以西据点", "link": "德加尼亚受阻不等于叙军全线退出；后续Brosh侦察与此相关", "source": "S79，相关段", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E056", "date": "1948-06-11", "place": "各战线", "actors": "交战各方、UN调解员伯纳多特及观察员", "action": "第一次四周停战生效", "result": "大规模战斗暂缓", "link": "第50号决议限制军火和战斗人员输入；规则存在不等于完全执行", "source": "S33；S50，II.1", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E057", "date": "1948-06-11—14", "place": "缅甸公路", "actors": "工程队、卡车队、UN检查人员", "action": "11日卡车靠拖拉机和钢板通过；14日称全线完成", "result": "耶路撒冷补给获得较可靠替代线路", "link": "拉特伦未被攻克而补给改善；军事目标与后勤结果可分离", "source": "S25，工程段；UN检查仅为该机构转述", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E058", "date": "1948-06-20—22", "place": "Kfar Vitkin／特拉维夫海岸，Altalena", "actors": "以色列政府军、伊尔贡人员", "action": "军火与指挥权争议发展为交火，船在特拉维夫近海被炮击焚毁", "result": "政府对独立军火与武装组织的控制加强", "link": "不能只据冲突证明伊尔贡确有政变计划", "source": "S67，p.147，Yadin事后回忆20日晚会议；S95，pp.593、595—596，22日炮击", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E059", "date": "1948-06-30", "place": "哈加纳情报系统、各地阿拉伯居民点", "actors": "情报编写人员", "action": "编制12月1日至6月1日人口离去报告", "result": "记录战斗、直接驱逐、附近战况等不同原因", "link": "村庄逐项记录反对单一全国撤离原因；报告有误差及附件缺失", "source": "S20，导言、原因与村庄表", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E060", "date": "1948-07-08—09", "place": "南部及其余战线", "actors": "以军、埃军和其他阿拉伯军队", "action": "第一次停战到期前后战斗重启", "result": "进入通常称十日战斗的阶段", "link": "不同战线开火时刻不完全一致", "source": "S50，II；S31，Enclosure B", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E061", "date": "1948-07-09—11", "place": "利达 Lydda／Lod、拉姆拉 Ramle及机场方向", "actors": "达尼 Dani行动部队：第8旅、Yiftach及其他旅分队；当地守军和军团力量", "action": "夺外围及机场方向，11日装甲突入利达，步兵进入", "result": "中央交通节点被攻取", "link": "西侧成功不等于向Ramallah、Latrun的后续目标也完成", "source": "S34，攻城段；S30，东段目标", "phase": "1948年5月至7月：正规军、道路与停战" }, { "id": "E062", "date": "1948-07-12—13", "place": "利达与拉姆拉", "actors": "以军指挥部及部队、城内武装、居民", "action": "12日利达再次交火后大规模射杀；发出驱逐命令，两城居民被迫离开", "result": "数万人流离，部分步行东去，沿途死亡数缺乏可靠统一统计", "link": "书面驱逐与战斗恐慌应区别；Ben-Gurion手势来自战后回忆", "source": "S34，交火与命令段；不采用未经统一的精确死亡总数", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E063", "date": "1948-07-13—18", "place": "Latrun／Yalu／Ramallah方向", "actors": "Harel、Yiftach、Kiryati及装甲部队；军团", "action": "达尼东段夺外围村庄；缩减Ramallah目标；16日高地攻击及18日警署攻击失败", "result": "拉特伦继续由军团控制", "link": "攻下利达、拉姆拉没有自动打开原公路", "source": "S30，13—18日段", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E064", "date": "1948-07-09—18；14—16日关键推进", "place": "Shefa-Amr／什法阿姆尔、Saffuriyya／塞富里耶、Nazareth／拿撒勒", "actors": "第7旅、Carmeli与Golani部队；Qawuqji解放军、地方守军", "action": "德克尔 Dekel由沿海向下加利利推进，16日拿撒勒投降", "result": "控制带扩大，解放军部分向北脱出", "link": "不是包围歼灭全部解放军；形成十月仍需作战的北部残余区域", "source": "S63；S64，7月14日电", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E065", "date": "1948-07-18", "place": "各战线", "actors": "UN、交战各方", "action": "第二次停战生效", "result": "延续的停战并未消除局部交火、封锁及再武装", "link": "七月以方军事优势增强但地域目标仍未全实现", "source": "S31；S50，II", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E066", "date": "1948-09-17", "place": "耶路撒冷", "actors": "莱希袭击者；伯纳多特及随员", "action": "UN调解员遇刺", "result": "调解工作转由Bunche继续", "link": "国家建军后的政治暴力仍可破坏外交进程", "source": "S72；S50", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E067", "date": "1948-10-13—14夜", "place": "内盖夫封锁带", "actors": "Negev、Yiftach等以军部队", "action": "人员渗透封锁线、换防与集结", "result": "为约阿夫准备可用兵力与出发位置", "link": "战役不是15日凭空出现的总攻", "source": "S35，early deployment；不采该页12月误记", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E068", "date": "1948-10-15—16", "place": "Majdal—Beit Jibrin—Beit Hanun及Rafah方向", "actors": "Allon南部指挥部；Givati、Negev、Yiftach、第8旅等；埃军", "action": "约阿夫 Yoav以破坏道路、侧后袭击和正面攻坚撕开封锁", "result": "多处接触，但主通道尚未打开", "link": "重点为分割埃军沿海纵线与内陆横线", "source": "S35，目标与第一阶段", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E069", "date": "1948-10-16", "place": "伊拉克曼希耶 Iraq al-Manshiyya", "actors": "第82装甲营与内盖夫第7营；埃军守军", "action": "白昼坦步协同进攻遇反坦克障碍、机械故障和炮火", "result": "以军撤退，原定正面突破失败", "link": "Allon随后把突破重点转向Huleiqat；不能写成约阿夫一路顺利", "source": "S36，07:00—08:30战斗段；S35", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E070", "date": "1948-10-17—18", "place": "113号据点、Kawkaba、Beit Tima", "actors": "Givati等部、埃军", "action": "攻击路口据点并夺村", "result": "埃军横向联系受威胁", "link": "为转向Huleiqat创造接续条件", "source": "S35，第二阶段", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E071", "date": "1948-10-19—20", "place": "胡莱卡特 Huleiqat及内盖夫连接道路", "actors": "Givati、埃军守军", "action": "夺取控制南北通路的一组据点", "result": "与内盖夫陆路连接恢复", "link": "正面Iraq al-Manshiyya失利后，通过另一组阵地达成交通目标", "source": "S35，第三阶段", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E072", "date": "1948-10-16—21及随后撤离", "place": "Beit Hanun／贝特哈嫩—Majdal—Gaza", "actors": "Yiftach、埃军运输与撤退部队", "action": "破桥、破铁路、占据路旁阵地；埃军改沿更西面的海岸绕行", "result": "沿海北部埃军撤向加沙，未被全部截获", "link": "切断干道和彻底封闭撤退路线是不同成果", "source": "S38，行动及沿海网垫道路段", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E073", "date": "1948-10-21", "place": "贝尔谢巴 Beersheba／Bir al-Sab'", "actors": "Negev及装甲加强部队、埃军守军和居民", "action": "摩西 Moshe行动攻取城市", "result": "获得内陆枢纽和下一阶段进攻基地，居民大批离开", "link": "与道路突破共同改变南部战局", "source": "S37；S35，第四阶段", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E074", "date": "1948-10-22", "place": "南部战线、法卢贾 Faluja一带", "actors": "以军、埃军、UN", "action": "新一轮停火；埃军在法卢贾区域形成被围部队", "result": "战线改变但埃军并未全部退出巴勒斯坦", "link": "围困延续到1949年协定撤离", "source": "S47回溯及S50；停火日期与当夜宣告区分", "phase": "1948年7月至10月：主动权转移" }, { "id": "E075", "date": "1948-10-28—31", "place": "上加利利 Upper Galilee", "actors": "第7、Carmeli、Golani、Oded四旅；阿拉伯解放军及当地部队", "action": "希拉姆 Hiram多路进入剩余阿方控制区", "result": "解放军防线瓦解", "link": "七月未被围歼的部队与区域成为十月攻击对象", "source": "S39，正文四旅名单，舍弃metadata误项", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E076", "date": "1948-10-29前后", "place": "Safsaf／萨夫萨夫及相邻村庄", "actors": "第7旅部队、解放军相关部队与居民", "action": "攻取村庄后发生杀害居民事件，幸存者逃离", "result": "军事失守与平民暴力相连", "link": "不能由后编转引给出无争议的逐人死亡总数", "source": "S39，Safsaf段；原证词本轮未亲读", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E077", "date": "1948-10-30—31", "place": "Sa'sa／萨萨、Suhmata／苏赫马塔、黎巴嫩边境", "actors": "以军东西两翼及南侧部队；解放军", "action": "30日中午东西部队会合，继续向边境推进并进入黎巴嫩境内", "result": "北部控制区域扩展", "link": "临时越境控制后来受以黎协定撤军条款约束", "source": "S39，Sa'sa及边境段；S68，V", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E078", "date": "1948-12-11", "place": "联合国大会", "actors": "联合国会员国", "action": "第194(III)号决议提出难民返回及赔偿安排", "result": "提出有条件返乡与赔偿安排，并设立和解委员会；未落实普遍返乡", "link": "停止大规模战斗与解决人口流离问题不是一件事", "source": "S84，第2、11段（经S72联合国回顾核对）；S72", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E079", "date": "1948-12-22—23", "place": "加沙以东86号高地", "actors": "Golani等以军部队、埃军", "action": "霍雷夫 Horev开场以西侧攻击牵制，埃军反击夺回高地", "result": "牵制行动受挫；降雨和溪流泛滥延误机动", "link": "主力随后转向东南方迂回", "source": "S40，开场阶段；高地不在约旦河西岸", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E080", "date": "1948-12-25夜—26", "place": "Bir Thamila／Tamila一线", "actors": "Negev部队、埃军据点守军", "action": "夺取道路据点并应对反击", "result": "动摇贝尔谢巴—奥贾道路防御", "link": "与西侧Auja攻击相互配合，但非一次冲锋全取", "source": "S40；S42，清除据点段", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E081", "date": "1948-12-25—27", "place": "奥贾 al-Auja／Auja al-Hafir／Nizzana", "actors": "第8旅、第82营、Harel第5营；埃军", "action": "经Khalasa、Ruheiba、Wadi Aviad迂回；26日初攻不成，27日攻克", "result": "埃军东部交通枢纽失守", "link": "打开进入西奈的道路选择", "source": "S41，行军及攻坚段", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E082", "date": "1948-12-26—27", "place": "贝尔谢巴—Nizzana公路", "actors": "Negev部队、撤退埃军", "action": "清除剩余据点、拦截部分撤离纵队", "result": "公路重新开放，部分埃军弃车步行脱离", "link": "不是所有失去阵地的埃军都投降", "source": "S42，行动结果", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E083", "date": "1948-12-28—29", "place": "西奈 Um Qatef／乌姆卡特夫—Abu Ageila／阿布阿盖拉", "actors": "Negev、第82营等；埃军", "action": "越境机动遭沙地、反坦克火力及车辆故障阻挡，调步兵侧击后继续推进", "result": "以军深入埃及境内", "link": "战术突破扩大外交风险；进入不等于计划兼并", "source": "S43，28日起行动；S45，以方照会为自述", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E084", "date": "1948-12-31—1949-01月初", "place": "西奈／特拉维夫／华盛顿与伦敦", "actors": "以色列政府、英美外交机构、以军南部部队", "action": "美方交涉英国可能介入，以方撤回深入西奈部队", "result": "机动成功受政府和外交限制", "link": "各单位撤回日期不同，不能用单日写全部人员已经撤净", "source": "S45，12月31日交涉与1月3日照会；S83，1月2日单位史", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E085", "date": "1949-01-02—07", "place": "拉法 Rafah／Rafiah与道路铁路", "actors": "Harel、Negev第9营、Golani；第8旅留作预备未投入；埃军", "action": "从南北攻击枢纽，夺据点、遭反击，尝试切断加沙补给", "result": "战斗未变成攻占整个加沙地带，7日停火", "link": "战略限制与战术攻防并存，不能写成无阻力推进", "source": "S44，逐日段；S40，预备队；S83，停火", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E086", "date": "1949-02-24", "place": "罗得岛 Rhodes／以埃战线", "actors": "埃及、以色列、Bunche", "action": "签署全面停战协定", "result": "约定加沙战线、奥贾非军事区和法卢贾撤离", "link": "军事终止安排不等于相互和平或最终边界裁决", "source": "S46，II、III、V、VI", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E087", "date": "1949-02-26—28", "place": "法卢贾 Faluja及Iraq al-Manshiyya", "actors": "埃及被围部队、以军、UN观察员与居民", "action": "按协定撤出约2900名埃军及装备，另有平民自选离开", "result": "被围部队获撤离而非投降", "link": "必须区分军人撤离协议与居民后续处境", "source": "S47，S/1269；报告的军民数字分列", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E088", "date": "1949-03-05—10", "place": "南内盖夫—阿拉瓦 Arava—Um Rashrash／今Eilat", "actors": "Negev、Golani及支援部队", "action": "乌夫达 Ovda双路推进，依侦察修路和航空补给，10日抵红海岸", "result": "以色列建立南内盖夫有效控制", "link": "谈判和地面行动并行；行动受避免与英军冲突的开火限制", "source": "S82，计划与过程", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E089", "date": "1949-03-23", "place": "Ras en Naqoura及以黎边境", "actors": "黎巴嫩、以色列、UN", "action": "签署停战协定，规定十日内撤至国际边界", "result": "停战线以已有国际边界为依据", "link": "条款不等于本轮已经核实所有撤军完成日期", "source": "S68，II、V、VI", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E090", "date": "1949-04-03", "place": "外约旦—以色列战线及Triangle／三角地区", "actors": "外约旦、以色列、UN；伊拉克驻军相关地段", "action": "签署停战协定，调整部分控制线、接替伊拉克军地段", "result": "军团控制西岸及东耶路撒冷，以色列接收部分三角地区", "link": "伊拉克没有另签该组停战协定；线不裁定最终政治边界", "source": "S48，II、V、VI", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E091", "date": "1949-07-20", "place": "叙利亚—以色列战线", "actors": "叙利亚、以色列、UN", "action": "签署停战协定，设置非军事区并规定撤军", "result": "最后一份双边全面停战协定达成", "link": "非军事区、停战线与主权归属不同", "source": "S49，V及附图；S50", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" }, { "id": "E092", "date": "1949年春夏的单位任务；夏秋资料形成的年度估计", "place": "原阿拉伯村庄、边境及难民所在地", "actors": "以军相关单位、流离居民、UN救济及调查人员", "action": "第9营单位史记Ovda后阻止返村及越境任务；UN经济调查团估计难民规模", "result": "约72.6万属人口差额推估，不是年底逐人调查或登记总和", "link": "单位任务不能独自证明全国同日执行；战争结束未解决失所", "source": "S83，Ovda后至6月段；S71，第一次临时报告附录A、B", "phase": "1948年末至1949年：南部攻势与停战" } ] }