    this.reference = reference;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isPresent() {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public T get() {
    return reference;
  }

  @Override
  public T or(T defaultValue) {
    checkNotNull(defaultValue, "use Optional.orNull() instead of Optional.or(null)");
    return reference;
  }

  @Override
  public Optional<T> or(Optional<? extends T> secondChoice) {
    checkNotNull(secondChoice);
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public T or(Supplier<? extends T> supplier) {
    checkNotNull(supplier);
    return reference;
  }

  @Override
  public T orNull() {
    return reference;
  }

  @Override
  public Set<T> asSet() {
    return Collections.singleton(reference);
  }

  @Override
  public <V> Optional<V> transform(Function<? super T, V> function) {
    return new Present<>(
        checkNotNull(
            function.apply(reference),
            "the Function passed to Optional.transform() must not return null."));
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
    if (obj instanceof Present) {
      Present<?> other = (Present<?>) obj;
      return reference.equals(other.reference);
    }
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return 0x598df91c + reference.hashCode();
  }

  @Override
